Conjunctiva is a clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye as well as the inside of the eye lid. When the conjunctiva is irritated, it causes the eye to get red. There are many causes of Conjunctivitis. The most common causes are discussed below.
Viral Conjunctivitis is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in adults. This usually starts in one eye and spreads to the other eye. The eyes may become red, scratchy, light sensitive and even painful. You may notice a discharge from the eyes. Sometimes the virus can affect the cornea and lead to blurred vision. Viral conjunctivitis can take up to three weeks to resolve. Most commonly it resolved without complications; however, in some patients it can cause scarring and decrease in vision. It is important to get seen. It is important to distinguish the viral conjunctivitis from bacterial conjunctivitis (see below). A detailed examination using a slitlamp is needed to distinguish these two entities. In viral conjunctivitis, antibiotics are not needed. In fact antibiotic drops can sometimes cause further irritation. Treatments include copious preservative free tears cool compresses and judicious use of steroids. Herpes virus infections must be ruled our before use of any steroids. Viral conjunctivitis is a very contagious condition. It is important to wash your hands frequently and sanitize your surroundings.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis is an infection caused by bacteria. This is less common in adults but more common in children. Patients will have redness, discharge, irritation, scratchiness, light sensitivity and pain. This condition requires treatment with appropriate antibiotics either by drops or orally. It is very important to get a detailed slitlamp examination of the eye for proper diagnosis. With prompt treatment further complications can be mitigated.
Allergic Conjunctivitis is very common. Patients will notice itching, watering, redness and scratchiness. Often this is seasonal. There are many drops available for treatment. A proper slitlamp examination is needed for diagnosis.
Dry eyes commonly cause red irritated eyes. With a detailed examination this can be diagnosed and treated.
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